Foods and Nutrition · Lesson 10

Beverages, convenience foods and the safe use of leftovers

WAECNECO

What the syllabus asks

WAEC: Beverages (classification: non-alcoholic coffee and tea, cocoa, milk and egg drinks, fruit juices and drinks, beef tea and lemon grass; alcoholic beer and wine; importance and nutritive value; principles of preparation of tea, coffee, cocoa); Convenience foods (selection and uses; advantages and disadvantages; preparation of dishes); Rechauffé (leftover) foods (importance; rules/guidelines;…

NECO: Beverages (classification: non-alcoholic coffee and tea, cocoa, milk and egg drinks, fruit juices and drinks, beef tea and lemon grass; alcoholic beer and wine; importance and nutritive value; principles of preparation of tea, coffee, cocoa); Convenience foods (selection and uses; advantages and disadvantages; preparation of dishes); Rechauffé (leftover) foods (importance; rules/guidelines;…

What you will learn

Classify beverages and explain their importance and nutritive value.
Apply principles of preparing tea, coffee and cocoa.
Prepare fruit, milk and local Nigerian drinks hygienically.
Explain effects of alcohol and caffeine.
Select and use convenience foods and evaluate them.
Apply rules for using leftovers and prepare rechauffé dishes.

Key points

Beverage classification.
Importance and nutritive value; sugar in drinks.
Tea, coffee and cocoa principles.
Milk, egg, fruit and local drinks; hygiene.
Alcohol and caffeine effects.
Convenience foods: meaning, selection, uses.
Advantages and disadvantages; cost per serving.
Dishes from convenience foods.
Rechauffé importance and rules.
Rechauffé dishes and yam balls.
Matching beverages and evaluation.

Start here: Beverages: meaning and classification

A beverage is any drink other than plain water taken for refreshment, nourishment, stimulation or medicinal purposes. Water itself is the most important drink and should be the main source of fluid.

Classification

Non-alcoholic beverages
- Stimulating: tea, coffee, cocoa (contain caffeine or theobromine).
- Nourishing: milk and milk drinks, egg drinks (egg flip, eggnog without alcohol), cocoa or chocolate made with milk, malted drinks, kunu, soya milk, tiger nut milk (kunun aya).
- Refreshing: fruit juices and fruit drinks (orange, pineapple, watermelon, mango), zobo, chapman (non-alcoholic mixed drink), fresh coconut water, lemonade, carbonated soft drinks, smoothies.
- Herbal and infusions: lemon grass tea (“fever grass”), ginger tea, moringa tea, hibiscus.
- Invalid and special drinks: beef tea, glucose drinks, oral rehydration solution, barley water.
Alcoholic beverages: produced by yeast fermentation of sugars.
- Beer: from malted barley or sorghum, flavoured with hops; local: pito and burukutu (fermented sorghum or millet).
- Wine: from fermented grape juice; local: palm wine (fermented palm sap, from oil palm or raffia palm).
- Spirits (distilled): gin, whisky, local ogogoro (distilled palm wine).

Fruit juice versus fruit drink

A fruit juice is the pure juice of the fruit (100%), possibly from concentrate; a fruit drink or nectar contains only a portion of juice with added water, sugar, colour and flavour. Read the label: many “juice drinks” are mostly sugar and water.

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Practice questions

1. Tea, coffee and cocoa are called stimulating beverages because they contain

caffeine or related compounds
vitamin C
lactose
alcohol

Show answer

A: caffeine or related compounds
Theobromine in cocoa.

2. Common guidance limits caffeine in pregnancy to about

1,000 mg a day
20 mg a day
600 mg a day
200 mg a day

Show answer

D: 200 mg a day
About 400 mg for other adults.

3. Two coffees of 95 mg and one cola of 40 mg give caffeine of

190 mg
95 mg
230 mg
135 mg

Show answer

C: 230 mg
2 × 95 + 40.

4. Zobo is made from

cocoa beans
roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces
tiger nuts
millet

Show answer

B: roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces
A local drink.

5. Kunu is commonly made from

millet or sorghum
fluted pumpkin
cassava leaves
fish

Show answer

A: millet or sorghum
Northern drink.

Key words

Beverage: Drink taken for refreshment, nourishment or stimulation.
Stimulant: Substance that increases alertness, e.g. caffeine.
Infusion: Extract made by steeping in hot water.
Tannin: Bitter compound in tea.
Fruit drink: Diluted juice with added sugar.
Zobo: Roselle calyx drink.
Kunu: Grain-based northern drink.
Palm wine: Fermented palm sap.
Pito: Sorghum beer.
Malting: Sprouting grain to make sugars.
Convenience food: Pre-prepared food saving time.
Instant food: Ready after adding water.

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